The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal - Essay Example Tasha Martin, the creator assembles the character in a progression of legend venture steps that at last brings up to the normal way of saints in the story. Bilbo carries on with a sumptuous life, getting a charge out of seven suppers for each day, in this story; he wins this respect through a progression of the experience that relentlessly delineate his definitive boldness, pride, and steadiness. His experience starts when he won't go with the wizard on experience notwithstanding the appearance of the thirteen dwarves. In this scene, the wizard had attempted his best to beg him to go with him on an undertaking, after this he saw that his tutor persuaded him to go with him for the experience after the dwarves had gone (Tolkien 35). At first, he is persuaded that decent Hobbits like him ought not go for experience. Elrond comments â€Å"Ah, I shant be missed,† and Bilbo answer â€Å"The truth is the vast majority of them don’t figure I ought to be on this journey,† uncovers how different characters despised his quality in the excursion. Be that as it may, the difference at the top of the priority list to seek after dwarves gets one of the greatest trial in his excursion to be a legend. Later on, he understood that he had blundered in judgment and chosen to seek after the dwarves. On this excursion, he meets the two partners and adversaries. It turned into an excursion that formed his own height and ascend to be a perceived legend. Apparently, his quest for the dwarves is the best second that draws out his bravery. Obviously, the most significant occasion was the preliminary with the three trolls, the monster creepy crawlies and Gollum. In spite of the fact that he had experienced various preliminaries during his interest, this extraordinary preliminary nearly broke his height.

Starbucks Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starbucks Marketing Plan - Essay Example Question 2 The fundamental parts of Starbucks promoting blend incorporate division, focusing on and situating. Utilizing these three, key choices will be made that will focus on the truly necessary potential and current clients. These methodologies ought to have the option to give both item and client support that will be exceptional from contenders (Lamb, Charles, Joseph and Carl, 267). Question 3 Components incorporate; Strategic advertising plan, reasonable situating of the business condition, assortment and expertly remarkable assistance (Lamb, Charles, Joseph and Carl, 268). Question 4 The primary variables are rivalry, precarious and evolving economy, which tangibly impacts valuing; a gigantically huge factor (Lamb, Charles, Joseph and Carl, 268). Question 5 Advantages incorporate consumer loyalty, which prompts eminence. It is progressively ecological agreeable, and as far as the financial returns, benefits are more than misfortunes. A portion of the expenses brought about incorporate assembling, pressing, marking and conveyance (Lamb, Charles, Joseph and Carl, 269). Question 6 In business, effective selling and purchasing so as to achieve the necessary benefits doesn't really imply that an industry ought to have more branches. Starbucks choice to close a portion of the stockpiles open up hardly any ones is a choice that will realize more fixation. The less the branches, the more the controlling force and in this manner the more the benefits. With this, overseeing is significantly more agreeable (Lamb, Charles, Joseph and Carl, 270).

Art in the Villa Farnesina

Workmanship in the Villa Farnesina This radiant loggia, structured by Raphael and generally painted by his team of partners in 1518, shows an astounding measure of ability. Initially the principle estate entrance directed here and the room was an open loggia. The dividers copy practical structural structure utilizing light and shadow to deceive watchers with figment. Nature assumes a significant job through the bounty of vegetation in the trims sketching out the roof and its parcels, and the deception of sky along the top and semi-circle lunettes. The products of the soil have a colossal measure of detail, a considerable lot of which were designed according to the assortment of fascinating and very much kept up plants in the heavenly gardens. The shading plan in this room feels extremely cool. The pinkish shades of skin tone jump out from the roof and the interaction between the characters shows an authority of room and articulation. The roof portrays of story of Amour and Psyche as described in Apuleiuss Golden Ass. Legend has it, Psyche was the most wonderful offspring of King Anatolia. Desirous of her, Venus (Aphrodite) asks her child Cupid (Eros) to pierce Psyche with a brilliant bolt so she would begin to look all starry eyed at the ugliest man on earth. He concurs however becomes hopelessly enamored with her. The two wed, however Psyche upsets Cupid. Prompted by the divine beings, Psyche decides to recapture Cupids love through assistance. She in the long run approaches Venus for help. Venus orders Psyche to play out a progression of close to inconceivable undertakings. With the guide of others she finishes enough for Cupid to excuse her. He travels to Mount Olympus and requests that Jove help spare Psyche from the last assignment. Jove does and during a conventional board announces his endorsement of the marriage among Cupid and Psyche. Afterward, Cupid brings Psyche and she drinks deifying Ambrosia. The t wo have a kid named Volupta (Bliss or Delight) and Venus and Psyche accommodate. The whole roof centers around the emotional romantic tale loaded with romance, peril, desirously and joy. The two principle boards show the Council of the Gods and the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche. At the edges of the roof, Raphael portrays different parts of the story. The starting board shows Venus pointing downwards while talking about her arrangement with Cupid. This room plainly conveys the subjects of nature and love in an agnostic way. Raphael effectively interlaces the characters and the style of painting while at the same time following increasingly reasonable and 3-dimensional Renaissance workmanship. Sala delle Prospective The name of this room works impeccably. The side frescoes, structured and painted by Baldassare Peruzzi, delineate segments going into the separation. Agostino appointed him in 1519. When remaining in the focal point of the room, the sections follow impeccable viewpoint. Painted with detail, they mirror dim veined marble. They present a compositional forefront to the field foundation that expands on the fantasy of nature inside the estate. These perspectives helpfully tie in the customary manor scene since estates were generally worked in suburbia. The continuation of the floor into the fresco accentuates the deception and does the watcher. Divinities dwell over the entryways and windows and a frieze of legendary scenes line the roof. The produce of Vulcan has a fitting situation on the northern side, over the chimney. Profoundly coffered squares tile the roof and give the room a feeling of profundity. This room unmistakably plays on hallucinations of room and effectively connects wi th the watcher to peer out and collaborate with nature. Sala di Sodoma This room is otherwise called the Agostinos room and was authorized in 1519. Strolling in, the dividers are totally frescoed. The coffered roof delineates scenes from folklore, again demonstrating increasingly agnostic references. The most attractive part of the room is Sodomas Marriage of Alexander and Roxanne. Roxanne turns her body as she looks to the outstretched hand of Alexander. Seraphs involve an enormous bit of room along the highest point of the fresco and inside. A couple even pull at Roxannes appendages. The works of art as an afterthought show individuals in fight and heading towards the marriage. Steps driving into the fresco attracts and cooperates with the watcher. The reoccurring subject of adoration and dramatization unmistakably manages in this room. Many accept the marriage scene reflects Agostinos third union with Francesca Andreazza. His military service, performed by Leo X, really occurred in the Villa Chigi. Accordingly, the frescoed subject of marriage and lo ve appropriately characterize the private room as a position of their association. Capacity The Villa Farnesina really encapsulated its motivation of amusement. Agostino Chigi utilized this structure for parties, formal suppers, his wedding, dramatic exhibitions and that's only the tip of the iceberg. The measure of cash and time put into the manor shows how pompous Chigi felt about demonstrating his fortune. Agostino Chigi would serve supper visitors on sumptuous plates of silver. To show his plenitude of cash to his organization, he would arrange his workers to remove the flatware from the windows and into the Tiber after their dinners. Covertly nets in the water got the bits of diner and in the end advanced back to the estate. Structural decisions by Peruzzi underline the showy reason for the structure. Peruzzi implies the capacity by utilizing Vitruvian authority. Vitruvius clarifies the structure of Roman performance center through number-crunching proportions. Lower stories ought to have platforms and an entablature individually 33% and one fifth the tallness of its sections while upper story platforms have a large portion of the stature and segments have three fourths the stature of their lower level partners. Peruzzi followed the exhortation with precision. In the mid 1500s, dramatic occasions adjusted to their condition not the reverse way around. The u-shape, and open Loggia di Psyche makes a perfect fenced in area for exhibitions. At that point, a raised stage flanked the two wings to line the loggia. Entertainers went into from the rooms openings. Mindfully, the frescoes in the Loggia di Psyche simply spread the roof while the artistic creations on the dividers limit themselves to structural and designed plans. This made setting changes and backgrounds simpler to make and adjust to during exhibitions. Illusionary point of view and Muses conveying unfortunate and comic covers along the dividers proceed with the showy ramifications upstairs in the Sala delle Prospettive. Objectives of the Patron The objective of making a structure to work as an area for diversion, celebrating and demonstrating the abundance of the Chigi family unquestionably succeeded. Moreover, carrying nature into the structure presents another significant objective when fabricating a manor. From the start the outside is fixed with a copious measure of windows, permitting common light in and associating the rooms to nature however much as could be expected. Besides, the two loggias were initially open. In addition to the fact that that would include all the more light, yet sweet scents from the nursery and even bugs and creatures approached the rooms. The Loggia di Psyche filled in as the first passageway into the estate. Watching the roof, one can see the effect of nature on the fresco. A thick trim of leaves and an assortment of natural product follow the building space along the spandrels and roof boards. This matches the frieze on the outside. The natural hues and foundation of blue sky join the outside in. Indeed, even the semi-hover lunettes over the dividers have painted windows with an invented open air see. The enormous vertical boards of windows confronting the nursery flood the live with light. Upstairs, the Sala delle Prospettive makes a deception of field sees as one looks at the frescoes and past the segments. The far off skyline produces a sentiment of room and endlessness. In Sala di Sodoma, Alexander and Roxannes romance is in a secured zone, however exertion was made to proceed with the story outside as an afterthought frescoes, and out of sight of the primary fresco. Nature obviously affected the estate as a sig nificant subject all through the whole structure. End The Villa Farnesina houses craftsmanship from the absolute most unmistakable figures of now is the ideal time. Each room recounts to an alternate story as one can just envision the quality and indulgence Agostino Chigi more likely than not experienced while engaging visitors in his new manor. After the Chigi offered the structure to the Farnese family, the Farnese made arrangements to associate it by connect with the Palazzo Farnese. Building started yet never finished. In later hundreds of years the Bourbon of Naples claimed it, and the Spanish Ambassador in Rome. Today the Italian state has utilized it for the Accademia dei Lincei and the Gabinetto dei Disegnie dell Stampe. The agreeable design, important extents, imaginative and eye-getting frescoes swimming in agnostic topics of nature and love will draw in passers by and workmanship enthusiasts for a long time to come.

The Making of the American Revolution in Virginia Research Paper

The Making of the American Revolution in Virginia - Research Paper Example As per the exploration the individuals of Virginia were hesitant to cut off their ties with Great Britain. Having been administered and affected by a conventional and rich gathering of ranchers for a great part of the eighteenth century, the individuals of Virginia saw their social and monetary riches helpless before ideal affiliations with the homeland. Be that as it may, with the radical changes after the Indian and French War, for example, unjustifiable British assessments, quick expanding of multicultural and heterogeneous populace, settlement development in the inside, and the impact of an abusive work framework, an enormous number of Virginians got disillusioned with the pioneer government. As indicated by Woody Holton, the creator of Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia, the provincial privileged of Virginia, which is the most prestigious honorability in America, didn't impulsively participate in the insurgency howeve r was incited by different gatherings and people. The chronicled record of Holton commends the Ohio Indians, whose endeavors in supporting a wide-extending confederation constrained Britain to execute the 1763 Proclamation Line and maintaining it, in this manner ruining the wants of land entrepreneurs like Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. Holton places the captives of Virginia into the image, who were convincing Governor John Dunmore to acknowledge their administrations preceding his arrival of the notable 1775 presentation and whose quest for autonomy drew the consideration of a tremendous populace all through the state, empowering followers like William Byrd to join the patriots’ cause.... hites, tenants, and smallholders whose decision to keep down the selling of tobacco in 1773 set off the crusade for non-exportation and whose claims for opportunity strengthened a definitive partition from the pilgrim government. It was the obstruction and battle of these individuals against the recently created and inconsistent composed minutemanâ€members of crews of picked people during the American Revolutionâ€businesses that introduced the main thought of an alternate political framework in the province and that close by tenant clashes and uprisings over destitution and different hardships to produce a grassroots insurgency. Holton’s Virginia Holton (1999) talks about how the intentions of the rich Virginian respectability slammed into the premiums of the British merchants and the Indians. The honorability had since quite a while ago meant to grow their property possessions and in this manner wealth to include the area of Kentucky, a wellspring of resource for variou s Indian populaces. So as to oppose the attack of the White individuals, the Cherokee, the Delaware, and the Shawnee triumphed over their past clash and astutely worked together to assemble an association. Incredible Britain, alarmed of a grievous container Indian clash, at first discharged the 1763 Proclamation which denied each exertion toward further imperialism and a short time later, sanctioned in Quebec Act in 1774, giving every single challenged an area to the locale of Quebec. The contention of the honorability with British brokers radiated from the Navigation Acts. This announcement obliged Virginians to sell their tobacco just to the homeland. The pilgrims were profoundly obliged to the dealers fairly because of their own excess, yet they likewise ascribed their gigantic obligations to the lessening in profit from selling tobacco (Holton 1999). The House of Burgesses proposed a

How to Write a Statistics Research Paper A Complete Guide

The most effective method to Write a Statistics Research Paper A Complete Guide A measurements explore paper is a bit of unique research in composed structure, basically intended to be distributed in a scholarly diary or magazine and investigated by the author’s peers. There are no exacting necessities with regards to the assignment’s size, design, number of sources to be utilized and different attributes †it is an amazingly flexible sort of work, and you ought to consistently counsel the rules of your specific school and get some information about the determinations required for your situation. Research papers in measurements are the principle strategy for pushing the exploration in this order ahead. They are introduced for peer survey and don’t exist without anyone else, however are expected for conversation and analysis. In spite of the fact that your exploration paper is only a school task, it should completely meet the necessities of this norm. For you, this implies you ought to painstakingly set up your composition for potential counter-contentions and nullifications. The nature of your composing depends to an extremely critical degree on how well you figure out how to plan to potential resistance to your perspective. To be completely prepared for this, you need to contemplate not simply the informational collections managing the essential subject of your paper, however with all the noteworthy messages about it composed before you also. In this insights investigate paper composing guide, we will cover all the variables that characterize whether your examination paper succeeds or falls flat. Decision of Topic This is, unquestionably, one of the most significant phases of your work †an inadequately picked subject methods harder work and more awful outcomes. That’s why you can't move toward this progression heedlessly. Rephrase your potential themes as questions. At that point take a gander at every potential theme and ask yourself: would this be able to address be replied with the assistance of measurable examination? For instance, ‘Is there life on Mars?’ is an intriguing inquiry, no uncertainty about it, yet the response to it lies past the space of insights; Check if there is sufficient information on the theme or on the off chance that you will be ready to assemble enough of it to help your point. That is the reason you ought to dissect the current assemblage of research before you settle upon a specific subject; On the off chance that you are experiencing difficulty singling out a point you might want to expound on, take a stab at looking at online scholastic databases and web crawlers, similar to Google Scholar and EBSCO. By running inquiries identified with the general course of your future paper, you will have the option to recognize the subjects that are as of now all around looked into to keep away from unintentionally picking them. What's more, it might give you significant thoughts on potential research around which you can construct your paper; Don’t neglect to examine the theme you’ve picked with your educator. What may appear to be an amazing examination heading to you may appear to be totally unique at someone who has seen several papers and recognizes what subjects work and what don't. At long last, the subject you pick ought to simultaneously leave you enough space for free information assortment and examination and give adequate foundation data to assemble your contention upon. Here are a few instances of good points you may discover supportive in your work: The Study of Diversity in Motion Picture Industry; Measurable Analysis of Home Advantage Influence on Performance of Football Teams; Proof of Reverse Discrimination in American Businesses during the Last Decade; Impacts of Placement Based on Academic Ability versus Situation Based on Age in Education; Positive and Negative Effects of Net Neutrality. As should be obvious from this rundown of points, measurable investigation can be applied similarly viably to practically any region of human information. Information Collection There are three sorts of sources to be utilized when composing measurements papers: Analyses and data gathering exercises you’ve did by and by; Factual data and informational indexes got from solid sources, for example, FedStats or Google Public Data Explorer; Distributed works by different writers (diary articles, books, papers, online sources, and so forth.). Most likely more than some other sorts of scholarly assignments, insights explore papers are subject to the data assembled by understudies themselves and not found in distributed sources. That is the reason strategies for your information assortment possess a noteworthy bit of your task. Be cautious while choosing information assortment techniques. You might be given a few suggestions by your teacher †provided that this is true, tail them and don’t attempt to be unique, for they recognize what works for your specific case and what doesn’t. In the event that there are no suggestions, attempt to acquire them †in the event that you pose shrewd inquiries, teachers typically don’t decline to answer them. You should be as cautious as conceivable when gathering your information. When the data is gathered, it is difficult to address the slip-ups that have been made during the time spent social occasion it, and the dependability of your whole paper can without much of a stretch be undermined. Ensure you give adequate data about your information assortment strategies for your perusers to have the option to reproduce your outcomes. Trials that can't be rehashed aren’t given a lot of significant worth in the scholarly network. Presentation Your presentation ought to be, from one perspective, in light of realities and, then again, be entrancing and intriguing, with the goal that the peruser gets keen on the substance of your paper after perusing only a couple of lines. Notwithstanding that, it ought to clarify the reason for your work and easily lead to the fundamental substance of the paper. Start with the supposed a snare †a sentence planned for catching the reader’s eye directly off the bat. It might be some intriguing factual data, startling bit of information, not a very verifiable truth †anything that can arouse the audience’s curiosity and persuade them to peruse on. At that point move to the proposition articulation †a short (no longer than two or three sentences, and only one if conceivable) synopsis of your essential thought behind the whole paper. Understand that a proposition articulation isn't indistinguishable from the point. A point just constrains the extent of your exploration. Proposal proclamation effectively proclaims what your speculation is, and the remainder of the paper is committed to seeing if your thought regarding the topic is correct or wrong. For instance, â€Å"Statistical Analysis of Health Benefits of Weight Training versus Aerobics† is a subject. â€Å"Aerobic practices have a lot higher relative medical advantages for non-proficient athletes than weight training† can be a postulation explanation for a paper on this point. Body Paragraphs What the body of your paper ought to contain: Approach †what strategies for gathering and breaking down the data you’ve utilized. Here you determine the strategies themselves, yet portray how you approached assembling information and directing the vital analyses. For instance, on the off chance that you utilized an overview, you ought make reference to the technique in essence, however harp on how you arranged inquiries for it, how you picked individuals to take part in it, how their answers changed relying upon different factors, etc; Supporting materials †the best measurements papers are enhanced with diagrams, graphs, outlines and so forth., outwardly supporting your perspective and filling in as solid confirmation of your discoveries; Point passages †here you present your discoveries. Try to never surpass the impediment of one thought for each passage †papers on insights are muddled enough without your creation their structure superfluous tangled. On the off chance that you generally present only one point for each passage, it shows the peruser what he can expect and makes it simpler to see what you attempt to demonstrate. General Style and Writing Tips: Secrets of Our Best Academic Writers Be careful about literary theft, i.e., utilizing the different writer’s work without recognizing the creation. Unoriginality is an intense infringement of scholastic principles, and can even prompt removal now and again. So don’t use it deliberately †you will be gotten †and use copyright infringement checkers to ensure you haven’t done it incidentally, e.g., by neglecting to put quotes around an obtained sentence or composing something that is dubiously like another paper on a similar point; Attempt to keep your sentences generally short (20-25 words), yet don’t transform it into an objective all by itself. In the event that you need a sentence that is longer than that, utilization it †simply attempt to incline toward proposed length when all is said in done; Try not to utilize everyday words, articulation and language structure structures, including withdrawals. Your composing should look as expert and generic as could be expected under the circumstances; Then again, don’t attempt to make your composing excessively logical using longer and increasingly complex words and more lumbering sentence structures than should be expected. You don’t need to make your composing oversimplified, yet utilize confused phrasing just when it is genuinely required and don’t search for reasons to make your composing look more astute than it is †it is an extremely clear stunt; Be all set through a few drafts before you accomplish the outcomes that fulfill you and will fulfill your educator. A decent measurements inquire about paper requires a great deal of work and corrections, so on the off chance that you think that its important to bring genuine changes into your work or even revamp a few pieces of it totally, it is very ordinary; You will probably discover whether the speculation communicated in your postulation explanation is valid or bogus, not to demonstrate it right regardless. In measurements composing, it doesn’t matter whether the speculation ends up being bogus †what your teacher is going to focus on is the manner by which you arrived at your decision, how you assembled information

How to Go Clothes Shopping

How to Go Clothes Shopping The average American tosses 88 pounds of clothes each year. Yet we keep buying more when we actually need less. Pull any article of clothing from the back of your closet, the bottom of your dresser, the bin in your basement. Whens the last time you wore it? Last month? Last year? Last decade? Whenever I feel the urge to hit the mall to go clothes shopping, I head to my closet instead to try on the clothes I already own. Am I unhappy with this shirt? These pants? Those sunglasses? If so, why do I still own them? And if I am, in fact, satisfied, why do I feel the need to acquire more? Am I trying to fulfill a need that doesnt exist? The lure of consumerism is real. Most objects appear more fashionable, more necessary, more urgent when theyre on a mannequin, model, or retail display. But the clothes in your closet serve the same purpose: cover, warmth, style. Every time I go shopping in my own closet, Im inspired by the results. Either I find an item I forgot I owned and start wearing it again, or I stumble across that oversized orange sweatshirt Im eager to donate. Either way, my checking account is grateful. Then, whenever I genuinely need something new, I feel good about my purchase because I ask the right questions, and because Im meeting a material need, not a primal impulse. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Culture Clash The Struggle with Racial Identity in Strong Horse Tea - Literature Essay Samples

Community is as life sustaining as food and water. It provides human connection, a sense of identity, and support. However, human nature leads individuals to seek experiences separate from their communities. In Alice Walker’s story â€Å"Strong Horse Tea†, Rannie goes a step further, rejecting her community in search of validation from a different one. She believes that connection to white society will come only through the rejection of her black identity. This belief leads to her mistrust of Sarah’s medicine. The mailman, who gives the reader white society’s perspective, shows white culture’s disinterest in Rannie’s struggle. After white society fails her, Rannie gives herself completely to black tradition, allowing Sarah to practice her medicine on Snooks. However, her initial resistance to her community destroys her opportunity to save her child. Cultural division makes Snooks’s death inevitable. Through Rannie’s struggle wit h community identity, Walker illustrates the consequences of cultural division. Rannie’s rejection of Sarah’s traditional medicine shows her subconscious desire to separate herself from pain that stems from her black identity. Through her invalidation of Sarah, shown in her statement, â€Å"I don’t believe in none of that swamp magic† (Walker 477), Rannie attempts to gain superiority over the rest of the black community. This desire for superiority stems from Rannie’s internalized mistrust of black tradition caused by white culture’s assertion of values on her community. The circulars represent the shift of Rannie’s trust from her community to another. They represent the wealth and way of life of white people. Her request of more circulars â€Å"to paper the inside of her house to keep out the wind† (Walker 478) illuminates her belief that white way of life has the ability to save and protect her. The papers not only insulate her from the cold of winter, but also fuel her hope that white society will acknow ledge and relieve her suffering. The mailman who brings the circulars reveals the futility of this hope. The shifts of perspective to the mailman conveys the disconnect between Rannie’s perception of herself and white culture’s perception of her. Rannie’s question â€Å"Who’d go and ignore a little sick baby like my snooks?† (Walker 477) shows her belief that denial of black culture will prove sufficient in gaining empathy from the white world. The mailman, Rannie’s delegate from white society, describes Rannie as looking â€Å"so pitiful hanging there in the rain† (White 479), showing that the best white people have to offer the black community is pity. His choice to bring Sarah to heal Snooks instead of the white doctor reveals the inadequacy of pity in inspiring sacrifice. Pity in place of empathy shows the deep chasm between the two races, which leads to white society’s complete rejection of Rannie. Rannie’s eventual acceptance of Sarah’s medicine establishes the necessity of community dependence. Sarah tells Rannie â€Å"I’s the doctor child-that there mailman didn’t git no further with that message than the road in front of my house† (Walker 480). Hearing this statement, Rannie’s view of white society as her savior diminishes. Her acceptance of white apathy allows her recognize â€Å"the time she had wasted waiting for the real doctor† (Walker 481). This realization brings the severity of the rift between races into stark light. Masked by her hope for white acknowledgement lies the truth: she will only find compassion and charity from other black people. The mailman’s betrayal forces Rannie to shift her trust back to black tradition. She not only allows Sarah to practice her medicine on Snooks, but commits to it completely through her panicked collection of the â€Å"strong horse tea†. The disgusting, humiliating n ature of this act shows her complete dedication to Sarah. Despite this desperate action, Snooks’ illness progresses past the point of healing. Rannie becomes of victim of the conflict between white and black culture. White society sacrifices nothing to help her and causes Rannie’s rejection of black tradition, proving itself as the true antagonist in Rannie’s story. Snookss inevitable death reveals the suffering that results from the divide between white and black culture. Rannie’s dismissal of Sarah illustrates her wish to distance herself from her own community. She hopes distance will create space for connection between her and white society, but the mailman’s perception of Rannie deems any connection impossible. Rannie eventually realizes this, and gives her trust completely to Sarah and black tradition. But her inability to save her child shows that any separation from one’s community leads to tragedy. Even strong horse tea cannot mend the broken relationship between white and black culture.

Crime Rates in America - 1161 Words

Crime Rates In America Elliot H. Maysonet CJA/204 08 April 2013 Prof. Ron Alter Crime Rates In America In society’s day and age, Americans believe that crime has been steadily increasing. This perspective is based on information provided to the public by criminologist. Our society relies heavily on statistical data to measure criminality and the effectiveness of the laws that govern society. This data is collected and formulated to create what is known as national crime reports. These reports were implemented to improve the structure of the laws that govern our society. In addition these reports record criminal activity, the type of crimes committed, the locations of criminal trends, the volume of crimes committed, and the†¦show more content†¦These reports are based only on the crimes that have been reported by victims or discovered by police. In the cases of crimes that are less serious, the data used for these reports are that which resulted in arrest only (not reported crimes). These reports do not include crimes that have not been reported, have been omitted fro m these reports, or cases which prosecutors declined to prosecute due to lack of evidence. Although these crimes are not indicated on these reports, they still contribute to our society’s criminality. Another way that crime rates can be deceiving is the views between street crimes and white-collar crimes. To the public eye street crimes, which consist of crimes such as Murder, Rape, Robbery, Assault, Kidnapping, Arson, etc. is the more devastating to society. Whereas white-collar crimes such as Embezzlement, Tax evasion, Price fixing, Bank fraud, Concealment of product liabilities, etc. are not seen as detrimental to society. The UCR and NCVS reports tend to focus more on street crime as apposed to white-collar crimes. This can lead the public to believe contrary to reality. When researching this comparison, we will find an overwhelming disparity which shows that white-collar crime affect society far worse than street crime in the form of financial cost, property lose or damage, and personal injury or death (Robinson 2011). In researching the topic of crime rates in America, I have learned that crime rates relate toShow MoreRelatedTop Ten Places To Live In America Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesLIVE IN AMERICA ON A BUDGET (2017) This article is basically a list of the top 10 best places to live in America on a budget. Various cities were looked at and critically studied to determine the top ten. The ranking of these cities is based on economics, housing, amenities, crime rate, infrastructure and a host of other very important factors. After considering this factors, here are the top ten 10. Baton Rouge, Louisiana Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana, in the United States of America. 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The government is not able to catch all of these drugRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesshooting, self-defense, and the simple reason of they can. Whatever the reason for, or against the right to bear arms there is still a looming issue in America, and that issue is gun violence. 2014 statistics show that â€Å"67.9 percent† of murders, along with â€Å"40.3 percent of robberies, and 22.5 percent of aggravated assaults† that were committed in America were done so with a firearm of some sort (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014). A go-t o solution for this is to create stricter gun legislation inRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241399 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigration policy could prove to be a short-sighted and detrimental step for America s economic prosperity. Although claims in support of a more restrictive immigration policy are not completely unfounded, given the refugee crisis and border security problems around the world, the potentially negative impact of immigration is far outweighed by the economic and social externalities generated, including lowered crime rates and native gains in the long-run labor market. Unsuccessful assimilation ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesGun Control in America Introduction It is impossible for one as an America citizen not to weigh in on the recently reignited gun control debate. As a matter of fact and of necessity, at the very least, this particular debate concerns and encompasses social, moral, and legal issues of fundamental significance to the American way of life. The reigniting of the gun debate in America is perhaps personified by the 2012 theater mass shooting in Aurora, Colorado, whereby as Krouse (2012) states, at leastRead MoreLaws Against Gun Laws835 Words   |  4 Pagesmade a large impact on our society. When people think of America they think of gun toting men and women who fought for their freedom. Firearms are a very integral part of how America came to be and to how America fought to get where we are today. Many see firearms as weapons used only for killing and harm so strict laws have been put in place. These laws are only affecting law abiding citizens. I strongly believe that gun laws do not deter crime, but rather gun ownershi p does. In inner cities where

The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Virginia

Great Assyrians And Egyptian Pharaohs - 1592 Words

Throughout art history many rulers have faced the same problems that come to even the most common of people. No matter how much power a dynasty ruler gained, they could not feel and ensure for themselves a valiant future after death. Great Assyrians and Egyptian Pharaohs alike wanted to ensure their absolute power in this life and the next. From art they could make sure that their image would have the best chance of surviving even after they themselves have passed away. In eras where a new ruler could change and deplete the entire region, art was a long lasting image and message that would translate and stay with the perceiver. Art containing pictures of idealistic animals inferred an absolute image of power and respect no matter what the†¦show more content†¦In either case it is from the same area and Mesopotamian era. During this time art was mostly military, and the most important parts of the palace were stored with scenes of â€Å"war and chase† (Delaporte). A pl ace where the griffin’s literal and figurative image of strength would fit right in. The Furniture Plaque Carved in Relief with a Griffin in a Floral Landscape is a square plaque measuring 7.8 cm by 6.1 cm, and carved out of ivory from an elephant tusk, most likely from African elephants imported from south of Egypt (The Met.). The picture on the face of the plaque is of a griffin, an animal having the head and wings of an eagle attached to a body and hindquarters of a lion (â€Å"Griffin†). The griffin shown has sharp talons and beak with pointed eyes. Lions were repeatedly seen throughout Assyrian artwork (Ascalone). The muscular legs and abdomen paired with a strong neck and flanks gave a symbolic image of the ideal solider or army. People in this era knew how lions would have appeared face to face, untamed and never enclosed. To a people with needed protection from lions, their image represented a dominance and power. Two tenons, or pieces of wood that would have joined this artwork with another, suggest that there were more works of art surrounding it (The Met.). Other animals were also symbolic and literal figures for the Assyrians as they could represent tributes of power to characteristics such as being regal. For example, â€Å" theShow MoreRelatedFirst Civilizations: the Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt1057 Words   |  5 Pagesfarmers and commoners. Agricultural advancements brought an abundance of food and allowed people to work in occupations other than farming. Most important of all these societies developed their own form of writing as a way to keep records of their great history. These are the qualities that emcompasses a society these building blocks are what set us apart from what could only be chaos. In this essay I will analyze the key civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt. From there I will discussRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian. Iris Kim. March.9,2017. International890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ancient Egypt ian Iris Kim March.9,2017 International Grade 8 Pg.1 ! Introduced Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt occurredRead MoreAfterlife Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesguidelines in which to receive eternal life and we follow the life as Jesus Christ, and according to the Bible, through Him we are saved. Pretty simple to concept, but in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and India, the afterlife is not so easy to grasp. Polytheism, pharaohs, and Buddha will all be prevalent in this exploration of the afterlife in ancient civilizations. Mesopotamians also called Sumerians believed that the afterlife was a bleak and dismal existence. It was commonly called the House of Darkness andRead MoreBetween 2300 Bce To 476 Bce, Every One Of Those Regions1533 Words   |  7 Pagescampaigns as well. The Egyptian campaign against the Libyans, by the pharaoh Pepy 1, was a brutal campaign of destruction that involved the direct slaughter of the enemy troops by the tens of thousands and those that survived the slaughter would be enslaved. Warfare was a mix of violence, religious ritual, magic, and divine sanction and intervention. The gods of Horus and Set would be the divine that mythic combat was based off and would be constantly reenacted by the pharaohs until victory maintainingRead MoreInteraction Between Humans And The Environment1425 Words   |  6 Pagesagriculture at least by 5000 BCE. At first, Egyptians easily cultivated, while Nubians had to create fields. Eventually, demographic pressures forced Egypt to create sophi sticated methods of agriculture. Theme 2: Development and interactions of cultures. †¢ For thousands of years, when the Sudanese buried kings they also routinely executed a group of royal servants and entombed them with the king to serve him in the afterlife. Royal servants of Egyptian and Nubian kingdoms were also part of ritualsRead MoreThe Massive Mystery Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesconstructed. The Great Pyramid of Giza is truly an incredible architectural accomplishment. This pyramid in particular is commonly referred to as the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Some believe that the Egyptians had developed technology that has simply been lost in time. Others think they had help from extraterrestrial beings. The reality of the construction relied on human labor. The egyptians must have developed an intelligent technique to create such a vast structure. A great amountRead More History of Egypt Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pageswhich the Egyptians had to live. This region is rich with cultural and historical records of the ongoing relationsh ip of culture and society with the environment and the Nile. Cairo is the capital of Egypt and is the biggest city not only in Egypt but the Middle East as well. With a current population of over 15 million inhabitants, the city has evolved for over four thousand years with a variety of social and cultural influences. Northern Africa has been occupied by Ancient Egyptians, Greeks,Read MoreThe Contributions of Ancient Civilizations to History Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagespharmacology and healing. Early Egyptians were behind the Sumerian cultures in most aspects of culture. During the Archaic Period (3000-2715 B.C.) The Egyptians invented their own writing system called Hieroglyphs. These were not deciphered until the nineteenth century A.D. When an artifact called the Rosetta stone was discovered with the same text in three different scripts. Probably the most famous Egyptian accomplishment was there architecture. The great Pyramids, built in the Old KingdomRead MoreAncient Egypts Religion and Its Affects on Civilization Essay1366 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern world. Ancient Egypts culture, government, adaptability and overall stability came from their extremely intricate and ever present religion. Egypt’s culture was one of the most diverse and religious cultures of its time. Much of early Egyptian culture was based around the flooding of the Nile and the nutrients it brought for them to farm. The river was their oasis in the middle of one of the harshest environments. It was this that helped them to become a very hardened and capable societyRead MoreCompare And Contrast Greek Civilization With Other Civilizations1789 Words   |  8 Pagesgeography can be differed to the Egyptians. Because the Egyptians did not have to wrest survival from a hostile and unpredictable environment. Instead, their land was renewed every year by the flooding of the Nile River. The fertile black soil that was left behind every summer made theirs the richest agricultural region in the entire Mediterranean world. It was a farming community that may have numbered as many as 16,000 residents, and this number suggests that some Egyptian communities were much larger

The History Of Hiv And Aids Essay - 2469 Words

The History of HIV and AIDS In the 1980s, a mysterious disease began to take the lives of Americans. With the cause unknown, a fear grew among Americans. An unusually high rate of people was becoming sick with strange and rare diseases. When experimental treatments failed to work, people died. This mysterious disease is what we now know as HIV–Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In the past thirty-five years, the HIV has taken many turns in history. Although we do not hear about HIV and AIDS now, it is still a prevalent issue in the United States and in the world. In 1981, mysterious cases of opportunistic infections began appearing in clusters (â€Å"Timeline†). An opportunistic infection is an unusual infection that appears in people with a weakened immune system (Ojikutu). One disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, surfaced in five gay men living in Los Angeles. Another disease, a rare cancer called Kaposi’s sarcoma appeared in patients in both New York and Los An geles. When doctors at the time realized this, they noticed obvious similarities. The patients were separated geographically, they were only located in two cities. They were also all gay men, that were previously healthy (Ojikutu). Doctors were also finding that whatever they’re patients had was highly fatal. This mysterious disease was first called GRID, Gay-Related Immune Deficiency. Symptoms began lethargy, diarrhea, weight loss, sweats, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Initial stages resembled the common fluShow MoreRelatedThe History of AIDS and HIV690 Words   |  3 PagesBoston area and a South African province in which 1 and 5 people are infected with the a virus that causes aids. She discuses the microscopic realm of the virus and virus infected cells to AIDS therapies. Dr. Ojiktu treats people with HIV and other infectious diseases. She enjoys linking what is happening here and overseas. She also works on a team to develop programs and do research concerning aids. 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Benedict’s Rule Free Essays

â€Å"Benedict’s Rule†, a document that supposedly details the way a true Christian must behave to actually be a true Christian, and not a mere Sunday churchgoer, is a curious text. It is aimed mostly at those who wish to dedicate their whole lives to God, written mostly for monks. However, it is often taken to be a guide to how all Christians should behave despite the fact that there are quite a few things that differ rather drastically from what the Bible says. We will write a custom essay sample on Benedict’s Rule or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is my opinion, thus, that this text cannot be used as a correct interpretation of God’s vision for Christians. Before beginning dealing with both this text and the Bible, I must note that the Bible contains controversial information. Sometimes the tales are of humans that strove hard and failed, and their failure – when taken literally and not as a lesson – can serve as a bad example. Other times, tales are shown to demonstrate how not to do, and there aren’t very many instances that there are direct commandments towards humanity. That is why I have decided to use one particular section of the Bible – the Sermon on the Mount, as it is a depiction of Christ speaking directly and clearly to the people to show what he wants of them. It is a condensation of the Bible in many ways. And, as we shall see in direct comparison, what the Bible says are the direct words of God do not comply even closely what St. Benedict wants of the people. First of all, the text explicitly shows a bias towards monks. Even though it was written for monasteries, the author does not seem to accept any other kind of worshipper. Only those who are monks are actually pleasing to God – or, at least, such an expression I garnered from reading the text. And, even then, traveling monks, those, who have no stable monastery are frowned upon deeply and insinuated with all sorts of sins (â€Å"Always roving and never settled, they indulge their passions and the cravings of their appetite, and are in every way worse than the Sarabaites. † BR, chapter 1). Elitism, however, is one of the things Christian doctrine rises against the most. Christianity is not the religion of some Elite, it is the religion of the many, and it is for everyone, who will take the time and trouble to know God. Any person can do it, and there is no need to lead a special, â€Å"especially righteous† life in a monastery. No, indeed, a true Christian is a man of the higher world, a man of heaven, who descends unto the Earth to aid those in need of guidance here. Someone might protest on this one that monasteries are of great value. I do not underestimate the importance of monasteries in the great work that is Christianity – scholars and keepers of lore are as valued in the Christian tradition as in any other. However, neither are they the most important. The most important is the average, everyday person, who has his or her own relationship with Deity. The aim of Christianity was never to create an elite, it was to have everyone transmute into an elite. This requires not monasteries as places of seclusion – a monk may not even eat outside of a monastery, as chapter 51 of Benedict’s rule states – but as schools admitting all those who wish to learn truly! A division between believers is not only unnecessary, but also harmful to the cause, and teaching it to the people who would be teachers is just plain evil, if an unintended one. Second, as we can see in Benedict’s rule, he depicts things such as humility, silence, and et cetera as being rather, well, showy. For instance, humility: Benedict shows that humility is to be spoken of out loud, at least in the middle degrees of it. This is not humility, but the opposite, exaltation. Even the he mentions greater humility later on; it still does not seem to be the most important. Formal observance seems to take precedence over the simple and honest, if at times clumsy, task of living a good life, shows seem to be more important than honest service. Monasteries are supposed to be quiet and devoted to their given tasks, not showing off their â€Å"more-humble-than-thou-art†. This is devoutly un-Christian. The Bible says, however, that things such as worship should be kept in secret – and not because of a fear of nosy neighbors, either! The mysteries of God are simple, yet, when occulted, they gain great power for the transformation of the one that works with these mysteries. However, as with any occult knowledge, when revealed, it becomes absolutely useless and even false. Like decorations out of a good drama, when brought to daylight, they are nothing but fool’s gold – and the alchemical transmutation of fool’s gold into real gold only occurs in solitude and darkness, only after a person has sought his on way to God and fought his own battles on it. One might oppose me in that monasteries are there to leave the lights within this darkness, for the lone traveler and neophyte to use. Monasteries are supposed to lead the exemplary life, one for which the average believer should strive. Yet how much of an example is it, if it is impossible to follow because of the elitism? A true teaching goes out to the students of this teaching, it does not attempt to shroud knowledge in baubles. Yes, showing an exemplary life originally was one of their functions – however, such things must be done very carefully, and never massively. Yes, certain shreds of enlightenment, certain way markers can be transplanted from one person to another; and a basic education is never a bad thing. However, usually such things are not given in monasteries. They are not careful enough, not competent enough, and too massive for their own good – and, even if they were good enough, what truth about God was ever learned in a classroom? It and the teacher in it can aid in pinpointing the way, not be the Truth itself. Added to the usually reclusive and yet arrogant life of the monasteries, what comes of it is more an indoctrination than anything else. And this leads us to the next un-Christian thing I found in Benedict’s Rule. Benedict speaks much of obedience. (â€Å"As soon as anything hath been commanded by the Superior they permit no delay in the execution, as if the matter had been commanded by God Himself. â€Å", chapter 5) However, he speaks of obedience to humans, not to God. He says that those high up in the Church are God’s chosen for this work, and should be obeyed as God would be obeyed, for they are always vessels for His will. We shall not even get into the whole discussion of where saying that the Church hierarchs lack the basic gift of God – Free Will – leads. Omitting that, we shall focus on the fact that everything is, in its own way, a test from God. If subscribing to the theodicy of the fact that evil exists as a tool for our learning and growth, the fallacies of another can also be regarded in this respect. Preaching blind obedience, when one of the basics of Christianity is â€Å"Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. † (Matthew 7:2)? The process of seeking has always involved thinking for oneself, separating the wheat from the chaff, deciphering the Holy Book that is Life and Christ itself – not merely obeying those who are also on this search, and may be going down a wrong alleyway, for to be human is to err! Christianity is a religion that is supposed to grant freedom, not to suffocate it within the throngs of hierarchy. In Benedict’s Rule there is much emphasis on formality. When prayers are to be said, how gifts are supposed to be given, and so on. (â€Å"CHAPTER XVI How the Work of God Is to Be Performed during the Day†, et cetera). The proper procedure for communion with God is quite important, that no one can deny, however, it is not by chance that the Sermon on the Mount focuses upon the inner motivations (â€Å"But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother shall be guilty before the court;† Matthew 5:22) and not on the outer manifestation. One might say that an outer manifestation, such as the keeping of formalities, is important as well. After all, is it not by ceremony that we recognize and identify? Is it not the symbol that shows us the way? Is it not the atmosphere that is created with these symbols and formalities that first teaches us the essence of religion, is within them not the spirit of Christianity itself? Yes, and I do not mean to contradict that in any kind of way. However, as a word written on a page can never replace the object itself, so the symbols of religion should not become the core of religion, and this should be remembered. Christianity, when it first arose, was a religion of personal experience. It was something that you felt and worked with, and it – and its outer expressions – was individual for every believer. Everyone was his own judge, in the end. Any outer rules that came into existence for Christianity, though important, were secondary, not primary. The code of conduct is a useful thing, however, it – if the monks to whom it is addressed are good monks – has no value whatsoever. It would be valuable for those striving to be monks, for complete novices, but not for those who have done the inner work. For, if one heeds the Bible, which frowns even upon evil thoughts, good actions should follow. The formalities are a necessary subsequence to real inner faith. What would be good is advice on wisdom, on how to make decisions, and not on the formalities. Tradition is important and beautiful, but not to this extent. It should not become dogma, accepted on faith as Gospel – and as too many would want it to be. As we can see, the text †Benedict’s Rule†, if read with care, can be seen as even contradicting the Bible. Such is the price of human folly; such is the price of people attempting to judge the inner world by outer laws. Not a gentle mingling, growing into each other, which is done within every true individual’s hearts – but a forcible mashing together of the two things that should be one, yet are now separate. This task, to be done, must include letting go of the reins of society and entrusting the process within the hands of an individual human and God, though this is very difficult. Christianity is not supposed to force this relationship, as Benedict states, with punishments (â€Å"At the day hours, however, whoever doth not arrive for the Work of God after the verse and the Gloria of the first psalm, which is said after the verse, let him stand in the last place, according to the rule which we stated above; and let him not attempt to join the choir of the chanters until he hath made satisfaction, unless, perchance, the Abbot’s permission hath given him leave to do so, with the understanding that he atone the fault afterwards† chapter 43). However, it is supposed to gently show those who made a mistake that it was a mistake. As Socrates said, â€Å"There is not one person that would do evil if they knew it was evil. † This is true, and Christianity’s function is to enlighten the people, to aid them in stopping making mistakes. How many times could a teacher force someone to learn? None. But a teacher who awakens within his pupils not fear, but a desire to learn, will succeed in being a good teacher. Benedict, though he tries valiantly, fails this difficult task. How to cite Benedict’s Rule, Papers

Consider how Shakespeare crafts Act 3 Scene 5 to appeal to the audience Essay Example For Students

Consider how Shakespeare crafts Act 3 Scene 5 to appeal to the audience Essay In the events leading up to Act 3 Scene 5, Romeo has been banished and so is spending a final night with Juliet. Furthermore the audience has just learnt that Lord Capulet has agreed to let Paris marry Juliet on Thursday. This leaves the audience worried for not only Romeos safety but also Juliet as her father is starting to show signs of anger. Knowing this makes the audience tense; this is good as Act 3 Scene 5 can (in a stage performance) go at the beginning of the second half. This means the audience is in suspense over the interval; they know there is a conflict coming, perhaps even involving violence. Having just left a scene showing anger, Shakespeare cuts straight to Romeo and Juliet together. This more romantic atmosphere has an opposite affect on the audience conjuring more tension; the audience wants to know what is going to happen to Juliet between her parents. Cutting from anger to happiness comes about again during the scene. A countdown to the climax has begun, the audience is impatient as they anticipate its coming. When Romeo and Juliet are in bed together they finish off each others lines with rhyming couplets. ROMEO: I must be gone and live, or stay and die. JULIET: Yon light is not daylight, I know it, I. (11-12) This composes harmony; in contrast these rhyming couplets only come when they are talking of leaving. This togetherness and separation go well together questioning the audience to whether Romeo and Juliet are a perfect couple? It certainly makes the audience think. Just after line 36 the Nurse enters hastily. Shakespeare uses few stage directions in his plays so on occasions when he does it is to be noted. The Nurses rushed entrance can either bring danger or there is a comic potential (or perhaps both). The Nurse already knows of Romeo and Juliets marriage but may not be prepared for what she might find. Mixed together, the tension of the forthcoming dispute and this comical happening it creates a good cliffhanger. The Nurse and Juliet address each other by their titles. These could be delivered in a variety of ways to create different effects. It creates danger, confusion and perhaps a chance for comedy in a couple of one-word lines. Throughout this scene many of Juliets lines are dramatically ironic. Methinks I see thee now thou art so low, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. In the case of lines 55 and 56, as Romeo makes his leave, it is dramatically ironic as the audience already knows that soon Romeo will kill himself, and Juliet will see him dead (most likely in a tomb). This is also the last time Juliet will see Romeo alive and yet she is already seeing him dead. This makes the audience think and feel privileged, as they understand that her lines are ironic and in fact puns although Juliet herself does not know. Juliet uses more puns when she and Lady Capulet are talking. Although this time Juliet is aware of it as well as the audience, Lady Capulet is not. Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss. (74) All through their conversation the audience keeps thinking that Juliet is about to confess to her mother about Romeo. However, every time they are let and down and Juliets hints go unnoticed. This makes the audience more worked up and frustrated. The more the audience anticipates Juliets confession the more tension there is when her parents eventually find out (is they ever do). .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .postImageUrl , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:hover , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:visited , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:active { border:0!important; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:active , .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9 .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e4a0519c0fcba6a0fdc2416bbd4e4c9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The dramatic significance EssayLady Capulet starts by trying to comfort Juliet, surely trying to befriend her. The audience, sometimes confused by her generosity, know of the Capulets agreement with Paris. Therefore they are suspicious and foresee a change in heart and another change in atmosphere; they know Lady Capulet has to get down to business. After a long wait Lady Capulet finally does her tine and informs Juliet of her arranged marriage with Paris; a shock for both audience and Juliet for it is done most obviously. It was common in the times of Shakespeare for children (mainly of rich and often girls) to be married to a person chosen by the parents. This was to gai n money, power or (and) to improve relations with other families, countries or regions. Despite the triviality of this Shakespeare seems to understand how a young woman might feel being married to some she does not know or like. Juliet gets very upset and refuses to marry. The audience is feeling sympathy for Juliet but also expect her to confess as last to get rid of Paris. There is a combination of excitement and fear that mix together well and get the audience on the edge of their seats. Juliets safety is now feared for though as Capulet is now known to be determined. He was in the previous scene and he will be now. Enter Lord Capulet. Oblivious to the scene so far and whose actions are to be feared by the audience. However the audience can see the plan as Capulet begins the same way as Lady Capulet. He tries to cheer up Juliet and then jumps to business in a quick change of atmosphere. How now, a conduit, girl? What, still in tears? Is this a sign of love, or is it just pure determination? From the way Lord and Lady Capulet have been portrayed I seem that they have a plan. The tension in the scene has been building up. So has the number of characters on stage. Two, three, one, two then four; building up to a climax. Brawls come is bigger numbers, peace and love comes with fewer numbers. The audience can understand the number of people of stage, they can tell when it is safe and when it is not. Capulets mood changes suddenly again when he hears that Juliet does not wish to marry Paris. He throws a fit scaring audience and characters on stage. He tries to put guilt on Juliet, the audience has much sympathy and their thoughts of Capulet do not improve but worsen. He is so angry and mad that at points he may even be beating his own wife. Fie, fie, what, are you mad? All on stage with the exception of Capulet are women. Capulets bad temper and throwing of insults makes him look quite a misogynist. After Capulet has left Juliet tries to speak to her mother and threatens to kill herself if she has to marry Paris. This is more dramatic irony as the audience knows she will eventually kill herself but not because of Paris. This makes the audience feel proud and perhaps think that Lady Capulet could have stopped both the death of Romeo and Juliet. This is what makes it so tragic. Lady Capulet ignores her. The whole of this scene seems to be coherent on the theme of death and suicide. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy; this makes this scene so ironic. It is a major full of thoughts of death but does not include it physically. As Lady Capulet has left, Juliet now looks to the Nurse for support. However the faithful Nurse has changed and now fears Capulet and the loss of her job. She tries to persuade Juliet into thinking that she would be much better off with Paris. This betrayal is another shock to the audience; one of the last allies has changed sides it seems. Now the audience is waiting to find out what Juliet will do now her whole family is against her. They are confused and perhaps worried that Juliet seems to agree with the Nurse and thanks her. .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .postImageUrl , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:hover , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:visited , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:active { border:0!important; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:active , .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294 .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc696c1384b24fefd3a9d14d7a9ca4294:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bram Stoker Dracula EssayThe scene ends with a second soliloquy from Juliet. This gives an insight to exactly what Juliet is thinking. Through the scene her discussions have been full of puns and lies. These soliloquies give her true feelings. This makes the audience to feel in touch with Juliet and helps to relate to her. Again Juliet says she shall commit suicide. She also shows that she is ashamed of the Nurse and even curses her. She is very upset and leaves the audience is suspense as they wonder what she will do if there is no way out. What will happen next? Shakespeare uses a lot of dramatic irony and puns to build tension within the audience. It is a scene full of irony. There are numerous chances for characters to change the course of the whole play for the better but they do not. This irony is what makes this a brilliant scene. The audience is forever in tension and on edge. Combined with the sudden changes in atmosphere it forms the perfect cliffhanger scene for the play.

Australian Culture and Society Challenges and Characteristics - Sampl

Question: Discuss the main challenges for australian culture and society? Answer: Introduction: Culture and society are the two sides of the same coin. Culture means a practice among the society. Cultureincludes information, faith, art, ethics, regulation, tradition, behavior practiced by an individual as a member of a society. Australia is a multicultural nation. There is a great impact of multiculturalism in the Australian society. Original Australian native people observe a kind of culture but after European people come to Australia the culture and society started changing. The custom, law, ethics, faith, art were changed gradually. Socialization and its agent: Socialization is the process where an individual learns how to cope up with the norms of the society. Every society is changing day by day. Education, industrial development, change in morals and values change the flow of society. For Australia multiculturalism is also a important factor for social change. Some time it helps to increase the standard of the society but sometime it can be dangerous for the society because more and more changes can fade the original essence of the culture of that society. Characteristics of Australian society and its changes: One of the main features of Australian society is multiculturalism (culture, 2015). Australian people are known for individuality, equality, directness, punctuality, tolerance (Uq.edu.au, 2015). So this character of the people reflects the society as a whole. Before the arrangement by European countries, the Australia was not a single state. It has many variousnativecultures and languages at that time. After wards a huge immigration was also taken place which changes the culture of the original Australian society. Now the term multiculturalism is used to refer to the concept that Australian people have various cultural and racial backgrounds (Nederveen Pieterse, 2007). Discrimination in Australian society and its impact: Discriminationmeans when someone is wrongly behaved with other because of a particular quality or for difference in culture. Racial discrimination is major problem in case of Australia. After white people in Australia it seems to be very difficult for the native people to understand their culture. Thousands of native Australians were being killed by the Europeans. Original Australian people always misunderstood the concept of Europeans and they also feel that they are neglected. Native Australian also claims that the legislative frame work is also influenced by the white people. Many survey claims that genocide for racism is still present in the society (Korff, 2014). A survey in 2011 claims that more than 70% native people are experienced discrimination in academic and professional life (Korff, 2014). Conclusion: Australia accepted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) On 3 April 2009.At that time the then government claimed that it would raise native customary law above national law. The Government also accepts that the native peoples culture is somehow hampered. The changing nature of social and cultural arena somehow abolished the original essence of the native culture. The globalization and modernization to some extend help to fade the original colour of native Australian society. References: Culture, S. (2015).Socialisation and culture. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2604792/Socialisation_and_culture [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Korff, J. (2014).Racial discrimination in Australia. [online] Creative Spirits. Available at: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/people/racial-discrimination-in-australia [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Nederveen Pieterse, J. (2007). Global Multiculture, Flexible Acculturation.Globalizations, 4(1), pp.65-79. Uq.edu.au, (2015).Characteristics of Australians - The University of Queensland, Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.uq.edu.au/study/?page=17941pid=17895 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Uws.edu.au, (2015).Australian Multiculturalism: the roots of its success | University of Western Sydney (UWS). [online] Available at: https://www.uws.edu.au/equity_diversity/equity_and_diversity/tools_and_resources/reportsandpubs/australian_multiculturalism_the_roots_of_its_success [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].

Sample Essay Answer For Obscenity First Amendment Speech

Sample Essay Answer For Obscenity First Amendment SpeechA sample essay answer for obscenity first amendment speech is a good way to test the correctness of your decision. If you ever have to give such an address, then it will be good to know that there are so many resources available for giving answers. Even though you may not want to write the essay yourself, you should at least be able to find the proper resources. This will make sure that you get the right one for your particular needs.One question that must always be asked, is whether the person is familiar with certain language. If they are, then a very good opportunity is lost because they will not understand the part where the essay is written. The answer is, this must be taught to them at a young age. This allows them to understand and use the language when they are old enough to read it.There are a lot of resources out there which allow the answer to be changed. They can even add questions for those who want more detail. Thi s will help to improve their knowledge. There are also multiple choices on how to correct the answer if the person does not understand something in the essay.If you have a large crowd, then you may have a tendency to run out of time. For this reason, you will need a writing service that has someone who knows how to allocate time in the best way. There are some writers who will have a lot of time but few clients, so this will not be helpful to you. The one who does the job well has the ability to work quickly to fit in the work while keeping your attention. This will also allow the person to ask questions during the response.It is good to check if the person who will be delivering the speech has done it before. There are a lot of service providers who have been in business for a long time. You can go online and look up a good service. They can provide you with the right kind of solution if you need one.When you get the outline, you will need to write it exactly as you would like to s ee it on paper. If you find it hard to do, then find someone who can edit it and make it clearer. This will make the person more comfortable doing the speech. Remember that you do not want to make it hard for the person to deliver, so you must put their needs ahead of yours.This is a great number of reasons why there are so many sources available. It would not take much time for a person to look for the right resources for this purpose. This would also make it easy for you to find the best suited for you. This would also help you to look for someone who is trustworthy and gives you what you need.

Dramatic Comedy The Hairy Ape

State of the Union Address Review Essays - United States, Politics

State of the Union Address Review Essays - United States, Politics State of the Union Address Review Professor Morris State of the Union Address Review 27 January 2015 On Tuesday January 20, 2015, president Barack Obama delivered his annual State of the Union Address. At the beginning of the speech Obama mentions the progress of the united states such as our economy growing and more employment, more kids graduating, more people being insured, free from the grip o foreign oil as weve been in almost 30 years, and the combat mission in Afghanistan being over. Even though the United Sates have made progress there is still some work left to do on the economy to where its fair for people who actually work hard to get ahead. He plans to veto and pledged to veto seven bills regarding the pipeline already. Using human genome to cure diseases like cancer. Balancing civil liberties with aggressive surveillance methods. He is committed to the rest of his presidency to make sure there is an opportunity and a better bargain for the working middle class such as simplifying the tax codes for business ( lower tax rates for manufacturers or cut taxes for small businesses) or creating better jobs ( raising minimum wage or strengthen job training at community colleges ( which he wants to be free for low income people).) Restoring security to homeownership is one his top economic priorities. He listed out his ideas to strengthen the housing market and to ensure that middle class families have affordable mortgages and refinancing by having a rock solid foundation for financing homeownership with a bigger role for the private sector, where tax payers arent on the hook for the irresponsible behavior or bad decisions of financial institution. He wants congress to help him make things happen such as access to affordable, quality childcare, paid sick leave, minimum wage increase, two free years of community college, reducing student loan payments, infrastructure, trade promotion authority, ending embargo against Cuba, etc. Since Congress is a majority republican seat now whereas Obama is a democrat so anyone would assume there is going to be many disagreements. Republicans intend to take the country in the new direction they campaigned on last year, despite the extensive list of liberal priorities the president laid out. The Iowa Republican Earnest said Obama gave us political talking points, not serious solutions. Others said they welcomed the bipartisan sounding tone Obama used for much his speech though they found it hard to square with the white houses confrontational actions on issues like immigration. Kevin McCarthy stated that he was going to wait for more detail but he was willing to work with anyone is willing to work with him. Obama ends his speech in a very inspirational encouraging way. He points out that even though us Americans have been through some hard times, we managed to pick ourselves up and began again to remaking America.

Rene Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rene Descartes - Essay Example entitlement can be attributed to both a move from the conventional scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy and the projection and spread of the contemporary mechanistic sciences for which Descartes made effort. Descartes deviated from the scholastic philosophies in two ways. Firstly, the scholastic’s method was doubted because it draws upon sensation as the origin of knowledge. Secondly, Descartes desired a replacement of the scientific explanation’s causal model with the contemporary mechanistic model. Descartes used a method of doubt to achieve this. The fundamental strategy Descartes proposed to evaluate any kind of philosophy was to consider it false if there is even slightest doubt about it. â€Å"This â€Å"hyperbolic doubt† then serves to clear the way for what Descartes considers to be an unprejudiced search for the truth† (Skirry). Concluding, Descartes introduced a rational way of evaluating arguments by measuring them on the scale of skepticism. I personally think that Descartes has influenced our thinking and accordingly our lifestyles in the modern age. He is indeed the first main philosopher who has made a concerted effort for the decline of skepticism in the modern

Managerial Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managerial Finance and Accounting - Essay Example For this purpose, necessary policy changes have to be taken after considering the following points: Parties of interest: The FA statements are prepared for providing external information to the major stakeholders of the organization while MA system is designed to provide information to the management internally. Management of Money: FA reports only the monetary aspects of the organization while MA takes interest even in the non-monetary aspects like technical innovations, money value changes etc. for deciding on actions like replacing an asset or affecting an insurance policy strategically. Reporting periods: FA is reported periodically on a quarterly basis. However, MA may require data on a shorter interval basis say a week, fortnight etc so that decisions based on these factors could be taken up on a speedy manner. Nature & Precision: FA reporting is slow but more precise in nature that it serves the principle of objectivity. MA though requires objective information inscribes certain subjective information which gives room for arbitrariness given the short duration. Legality: FA reporting is compulsory but MA systems may or may not be installed by the organization legally. However, it is being observed that for any organization to be successful on a large scale basis, implementing MA systems would always prove to be beneficial. In short, if FA provides information about the movement of the business in the past, MA provides the way in which the business has to plan its future moves. In this process, a management accountant plays a vital role that he performs the following functions: Having understood about the basic guidelines of MA, Hadika plc, to maintain its market share even in the present global crisis will have to give a re-look to its present pricing policy which has to be arrived at after taking into consideration, the following cost classifications: Marginal Cost: The aggregate of

Characteristics Of Porters Five Forces Model

Characteristics Of Porters Five Forces Model This report aims to discuss the characteristic of Porters Five Forces model which had greatly contributes to strategic management. Porter (1980) sees competition in an industry being governed by five different sets of forces and an industrys attractiveness is contingent on the strength of these five forces. Nevertheless, this model is being debated since it is purely derived from industrial perspective. To be the market leader, resource- base theorists suggested organizations must aware of its intrinsic strength and weakness therefore enable them to formulate strategy efficiently. Apart from perspective imperfect, Porters five forces also limited by some factors when applying in certain industry. To present the contributions as well as limitations of Porters five forces framework, this report will examine the five forces of soft drink and airline industry. All the information is collected from text books, journals, articles, annual report and websites. 1.0 Introduction All purpose of strategy is to help an organization survives and be profitability in the industry. An industry is a group of firms that produce a similar product or service, for instance cosmetics or financial services. (L. Wheelen T., D. Hunger J., 2006). The understanding of the industry structure and its competition environment is a critical ingredient of a successful strategy. Firms need to examine the level of profitability of the industry they are entered, whether it is potentially high profitable in the future. Michael Porter (1980), a Harvard strategy professor contended that the industry profitability is determined by five forces of competition, they are the competition from new entrants, competition from substitutes, and competition from established rivals as well as the power of suppliers and power of buyers. (M. Grant R., 2008). By examine the strength of five forces reveal why an industry is attractive and only then can organization formulates strategy to gain competitive advantage in the market place. Unfortunately, Porters five forces framework has been involved into several criticisms. Some of theorists argued that Porters Five Forces framework is lack of rigorous since it is based on Industrial Organisation (IO) economic perspective and in reality, the strength of the forces may differ from business to business. (Campbell D., Stonehouse G., Houston B., 2002). The prediction of industry attractiveness based on the five forces is unclear and lack of trustworthy. To judge whether Porters five forces framework is useful to predict the industry potential profitability, this report will applying this model into soft drink and airline industry. 2.0 The Values of Porters Five Force Framework Porter Five Forces framework was derived from Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm of IO which concerned on the industry structure was influence by conduct and performance of organizations. (Jenkins M., Ambrosini V., Collier N., 2007). Insight into organization heterogeneity in terms of market attractiveness evaluations and understanding of market entry enable them to make better decisions and prevent from potential loss or go into liquidation. (Dixit A, K. Chintagunta P., 2007). Michael Porter indicated that the industry structure grows out of a set of economic and industrial characteristics that bring out the strength of each competitive force and the forces are threat of new entrants, threat of substitute, the rivalry among existing competitors, the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers. (M. Grant R., 2008). The strength of the five competitive forces can determines the long-run profit potential of an industry by how much of economic value retained by companies in the i ndustry versus bargained away by customers and suppliers, threaten by substitutes or forced by new entrants. (E. Porter M., 2008). The stronger of these forces, the more limited the organizations ability to set higher price and earn greater profits. The low forces, in contrast, become an opportunity for organizations to generate strategies. (L. Wheelen T., D. Hunger J., 2006). In order words, this framework suggested the source of organizational profits is market positions, and the positions protected by barriers to entry into the market. (Jenkins M., Ambrosini V., Collier N., 2007). Many strategic analysis tools formed based on the industrial perspective as Porters five forces did, for instance the PESTEL analysis is the useful environment scanning tool that examine the external factors influence an organization. Game theory, which founded by Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944) contends that the rivalry among competitors is interdependent, but the issue is generally concerned with a firms external environment. (M. Grant R., 1998) 3.0 Five Forces of Soft drink industry 3.1 Rivalry amongst competitors Porter described the rivalry amongst existing competitors is jockeying for position, where they compete in the form of products price, products innovation and differentiation, advertising and promotion as well as after-sales services slugfests for purpose of scramble for market share and earn superior profits. The degree of rivalry in an industry is determined by several variables; they are the degree of competitors concentration, the level of rivalry, products differentiation, the industry growth rate and exit barrier. (G. H. Richard., 1983) Soft drink industry considered a consolidated industry, where the industry is leading by few large companies, such as Coca-cola, Pepsi-cola and Cadbury Schweppes. These companies who seize large proportion of market share had earned superior profit. In order to gain competitive advantage from competitors, Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola have spent large investment in advertising and promotion to build strong brand identify among consumers and become a barrier for new entrants. Coca-cola build customer loyalty by it unique coke recipe while Pepsi-cola serving different soft drink to capture market share of Coca-cola. The unique recipe of soft drinks had gained many loyal customers which uneasily duplicate by competitors. In the position of market leader, they can determine the price of soft drink and thus avoid price war. (M. Grant R., 2008) According to Agarwal and Gort (1996), the late entrants have relatively lower survival rates because the exit barrier is formed in competitive intensify. (Dixit A, K. Chintagunta P., 2007) The exit barrier in soft drink industry is significant because firms require large capital investment to achieve economic of scale in order to compete with strong competitors. Yet, according to the average return on invested capital (ROIC) of US industries, the profitability of soft drink industry increase consistently indicates that the market value of soft drink tends to grow in future. (Kindly refer to Appendix V). 3.2 Threat of Entry A high barrier to entry benefits the existing players in an industry because the competition is stable and established companies can take advantage of this opportunity to raise prices and generates favorable returns. The established companies who run a larger production may benefit from economic of scales and create barrier to the new comer. Others, the government regulation can also be a barrier to entry. (Johnson G., Scholes K., Whittington R., 2008) The barrier to entry can be created by existing companies by build strong brand loyalty. Although there is no significant restriction from government towards soft drink business, the efforts of Coca-cola and Pepsi-Cola to built brand loyalty have significantly threatened new companies to enter the business. (Kolter p., Armstrong G., 2008). Further, when the new companies intend to enter the market, both companies have take retaliate action by cut down the prices and forcing the new entrant to curtail expansion plans. (M. Grant R., 2008). Since the barrier to entry is high based on strong market leaders, the industry is considered attractive. 3.3 Threat of Substitute When the use of product can be wholly substitute by products out of the industry, customers will switch to substitute if the price of the product goes up. To the extent that switching costs are low, substitutes may have significant impact on the profitability of an industry. (L. Wheelen T., D. Hunger J., 2006) Through industry innovation, incumbents are struggling to produce diversity beverages to satisfy different consumers taste. The soft drink seems gradually substituted by carbonated beverage. In responding to the competition of substitute, Coca-cola expanded its business through alliance and acquisitions like Coke-Nestea and Coke -Minute Maid. Meanwhile, Pepsi-cola diversify their products flavor such as Pepsi with orange juice. (Meghan E., Deichert M, Ellenbecker M, Klehr E., Pesarchick L., Ziegler K., 2006). Yet, Coca-cola had builds extremely strong customers loyalty in the flavor of Coke since the early 1960s, there are no visible beverages can substitute Coke and it has been the top-selling soft drink over centuries. (Coca-cola, 2010). Briefly, substitutes become less of a threat because of the concentrated manufacturers effort in diversification. 3.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyer power is determined by switching costs, the relative volume of purchases, the standardization of the product, brand identity, and quality of service. (Thompson J., Martin F., 2005) Companies are not merely selling their products to consumers, but large proportions of products are distributed to retailers such as supermarkets. Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola mainly distributed their soft drink products to supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsbury. Although these retailers purchase soft drinks in large quantity, they do not have much bargaining power because they need different kind of soft drink products to generate consumer traffic, especially the popular brand name like Coke and Pepsi. Vending, basically deals with fixed price, was the most profitable channel for the soft drink industry. With no buyers to bargain, Coke and Pepsi bottlers could sell directly to consumers through machines owned by bottlers. (Meghan E., Deichert M, Ellenbecker M, Klehr E., Pesarchick L., Ziegler K., 2006). Therefore, the position of buyers in soft drink industry is weak because companies are not heavily relied on single distribution channel, but other route like vending machine or fast f ood chain. (Soft drink Industry, 2010) 3.5 Bargaining Power of Supplier The suppliers are powerful if they are in the position of well brand name, less competitors and high product differentiated. (Mike W. Peng, 2006). The main inputs of soft drink making are sugar and packaging. Sugar can be obtain from many sources and if the price of sugar increase, soft drink manufacturers can alternatively switch to corn syrup, as happened in the early 1980s. Thus, suppliers of nutritive sweeteners do not have much bargaining power to soft drink manufacturers. In contrary, they need to built long term relationship with soft drink manufacturers to make long-run profit in the business, for example, Monsanto signed long term Nutrasweet sweetener supply contracts with Coca-cola. (M. Grant R., 2008) Soft drink packaged by aluminum can and bottle. The manufacturers of aluminum can and bottle are almost similar and therefore they engaged in price competition to survive in the industry. With more competitors vying for supply contract with large soft drink manufacturers, soft drink manufacturers are able to negotiate extremely favorable price and thus suppliers bargaining power is relatively weak. (Meghan E., Deichert M, Ellenbecker M, Klehr E., Pesarchick L., Ziegler K., 2006) 3.6 Summary on Five Forces of Soft Drink Industry Overall, in soft drink industry, the rivalry is moderate since the concentrated producers had avoided significant price competition. The industry is considered attractive because high entry barrier prevent new entrant from fragment profits, there is no visible substitute and the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers are relatively weak. Cott Corporation is a good example who earned favorable profits in this industry. Cott recognized the unique Coke taste to the mind of consumers thus established its private-label cola called RC Cola and successfully taking 5.5 percent shares of U.S. soft drink market in year 2005. (M. Grant R., 2008). Cott Corporation has proved that Porters five force framework is useful to predict industry profitability, which in accordance with the SCP concept of Porter. 4.0 Debates and critiques on Porters Five Forces Framework As outlined that Porters Five Forces Model was derived from industry perspective and it is therefore expected that the model is limited when applied at the firm level. In the early eighties, strategic management was much dominated by IO perspective, where the organizations performance is contingent on its external environment and thus loses the sight of organizational perspective. (Jenkins M., Ambrosini V., Collier N., 2007) The resource-based view, in contrast, examines the link between the internal characteristics of an organization and organizations performance. (Campbell D., Stonehouse G., Houston B., 2002) It highlights the core competency of an organization are the main sources of sustainable competitive advantage. (Kotenlnikov V.). Hamel and Prahalad (1994) explained that core competence does not appear on balance sheet, distribution channel or even brand and patent, but an aptitude to manage them may be one. Correspondingly, Penrose (1959) argued that a firm is a collection of resources and that a firms performance depends on its ability to use them. (Jenkins M., Ambrosini V., Collier N., 2007). In addition to the industry competition structure, resource-based approach examine deeply into the skills and competences of each competitor, the design of value-adding activities, the technologies employed and strategic groupings. The strategic analysis model like value-chain and SWOT analysis are contri butions of resource-based view which provide a greater understanding of organizations core competences and enable organization well manage their resources and capacities to formulate appropriate strategies. (E. Spanos Y., Lioukas S., 2001). Baden-Fuller C. and Stopford J. (1992) said that it is not industry matter, but the firm itself, as happened in airline industry. (De Wit B., Meyer R., 2005) 5.0 The Five Forces of Airline Industry 5.1 Rivalry amongst competitors The intense rivalry in airline industry caused by undifferentiating products and services, for instance, most of them were using similar aircraft like Airbus A320 family. (Shawn S., 2004)To be the ideal choice of customers, airlines had competing in fare price and their on-board products and service. They struggle to enhance their frequencies and timing of flight to avoid their competitors a frequency advantage. The barrier to exit is one of the significant factors that result fierce rivalry. The capital investments are a large sum and it is difficult to dispose the assets suppose the carriers are suffering in loss. Trans World Airline is the example of company who can remain competitors for three more years before gone into liquidation. (Ridderbusch K., 2006) The reason of high fixed costs significant influence the profitability of industry, like revealed in Appendix V, the ROIC of airline industry is slightly five percent and therefore the industrys growth rate is slow. 5.2 Threat of Entry The main entry barriers of airline industry are capital requirement and retaliation from established airlines. To establish an air transport business is a huge investment, including the expensive assets of airplane and safety facilities. This barrier had been reduce by bank institutions who encourage airline carriers by extend credit. (Vecchio J.D., 2000) There is not significant entry control in international airline industry such as US and Europe, but airport slot can be a barrier to entry. The condition of congested slot in hub airport has makes it difficult for new entrant to gain access to attractively-time slot. However, the congested slot issue has benefits the existing airlines. (Shawn S., 2004). Incumbents enlarge their business by hub system and thus they could serve more cities from their hubs and offer greater frequency flight to satisfy different customers need. (Vecchio J.D., 2000) 5.3 Threat of Substitute Apart from oversea reason, people tend to choose rail transport although they can reach destination in shortest time by air transport. Railway became a good substitute of airway as it provide city centre to city centre travel which makes convenience to consumers and its fare price is always cheaper that airlines. The market of airlines became worse when the development of rail transit. Through constantly innovation and development in railway industry, people today can choose long haul rail transit to reach destination in short time, as air transport did. (Shawn S., 2004) 5.4 Bargaining Power of Buyer Airline offers transportation service to two groups which are travel agents and consumers. Traditionally, travel agency system is overwhelming because it is the main distribution channel for airline. The airlines who much depends on travel agents forced to reduce fare price to keep long-term relationship that able to sustain competitive advantage in the market. The available of internet benefits consumers as they can access to the fare price and compare with each other. Many customers choosing airline travel because they can reach destination in short time, thus they always find for price discrepancy of the same exact flight. Considered airline travel is relatively luxurious trip, the fall in fare price would significantly increase the demand, especially those plans for a family vacation. Since the trend of demand is elastic, customers switching from each other is visible suppose the market fall into price war. (Vecchio J.D., 2000) 5.5 Bargaining Power of Suppliers The suppliers in airline industry are concentrated producers such as Boeing and Airbus. These suppliers became a threat to airlines because they provide high quality airplanes and pilot training services. (Johnson G., Scholes K., Whittington R., 2008) The power of supplier can determine by labor union. Industries which depend massive on employees are low profitability because the more skill people the more they need to pay. Aviation industry required high talent people such as pilots and have a high percentage of employees unionized and it is therefore less profitability. (M. Grant R., 2008) 5.6 Summary on Five Forces Analysis of Airline industry Through exploring five forces, airline industry is easy to entry but hard to exit, threaten by powerful supplier and buyer as well as substitute, and the rivalry is intensified. Therefore airline industry is extremely unattractiveness and all organizations stuck in the industry and are likely to suffer. In reality, however, Ryanair has survived and successfully seize significant market share in Europe. (Mike W. Peng, 2006) The key success of Ryanair is its concept of no-frills, low fares and hassle-free which effectively take cost advantage and perform better punctuality than competitors. However these strategies are zero without the effective management team and good employees performance. Ryanair implemented a third year of pay freeze to achieve cost saving however satisfy its cabin crew by maximize their time off. Despite lowest fares price, Ryanair continues maintain a safe and reliable air travel to meet customers need. (Ryanair, 2010) The successful of Ryanair in such an unattr activeness industry are its peoples competencies that make sustainable competitive advantage, as suggested by Hamel and Prahalad. 7.0 Other Limitations 7.1 Hyper competition Another critique is that competition is a dynamic process of rivalry that constantly reformulates industry structure. Joseph Schumpeter viewed competition is the dynamic forces of innovations which continuously restructure industry and tends to unstable. (M. Grant R., 1998, 2008). Since it is based on the industrial perspective in the eighties, the five forces model is ineffective to predict competition and profitability if the industry structural transformation is rapid like High-tech industries. (Recklies D., 2001). Todays IT and software industry are continuous being revolutionized by innovation. Organizations struggle to gain competitive advantage comes from an up -to-date knowledge of environmental trends and competitive activity tied with a willingness to risk a current advantage for a possible new advantage. This fast growing market structure indicates that is difficult to master the market trends and it is therefore limited for Porters five forces to predict the attractivenes s of the industry. (L. Wheelen T., D. Hunger J., 2006) 7.2 The Complement as an important force Traditionally, Porter contends that the industrys attractiveness is driving by the potential suppliers of substitute good and service. This force is doubtful that as the presence of substitute reduce the value of the products, complements value will increase. Andrew Grove, the former CEO of Intel suggests complements should be added into Porters forces framework because it contributes visible impact, like the available of software add value to hardware. Yet, apart from IT industry, complements influence the competitiveness in other industries, for example the value of water heater increase if consumers access to gas supplier and service. Given the characteristic of complements is crucial to most products, the analysis of competition environment should take them into account. Organizations should reduce the bargaining power of complement suppliers in order to stimulate the demand of the products, like the strategy took by Nintendo. Nintendo controls the operation of games software pro ducers by provides developer licenses and through development of games software successful augments the demand for Nintendo video game console. (M. Grant R., 2008) 8.0 Conclusion and Recommendation Generally, Porters five forces are lack of rigorous and limited by its industrial perspective. In the case of Cotts triumphant in soft drink industry is not merely the commercial market, but much depend on its intrinsic management who wisely distribute its product in grocery channel which saving cost in term of no advertising and promotion. Cott popular with affordable soft drinks and their revenues increase dramatically through the growing of grocery retailers like Wal-Mart. (Cott, 2010). Therefore, Porters five forces seem lack of reliability relative to resource based analysis model. However, as Barney and Zajac (1994) said, the examination of strategy implementation skills (i.e., resources and capabilities) cannot be understood independently of strategy content and the competitive environment within which the firm operates. (E. Spanos Y., Lioukas S., 2001). In conclusion, managers should conduct the strategic analysis not simply based on Porters five forces, but examining in combination with other intrinsic perspective strategic analysis tool like SWOT analysis. SWOT model emphasized the elements of Strength-Weakness of an organization in addition to the Opportunities-Threats from external source. Furthermore, managers may apply PESTEL framework to supply the lack of Porters five forces model. (Trundy G., 2006). PESTEL framework emphasize the important elements of Politic, Economic, Social, Technology, Environmental and Legal to carry out a deeper external environment scanning that may influence organizations performance in the market.